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Oligarchic Cartelization In Post-Suharto Indonesia

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Oligarchic Cartelization In Post-Suharto IndonesiaAs detailed in Oligarchic Cartelization in Post Suharto Indonesia, a few ruling individuals from party organizations overpowered Indonesias post authoritarian, representative democracy. The legislative process of the 2017 Election Act was the case study employed to examine this assumption. The underlying thinking was that there was a contest between wealth power (oligarchy) and participation power (democracy). The power of wealth controls the party

As detailed in Oligarchic Cartelization in Post-Suharto Indonesia, a few ruling individuals from party organizations overpowered Indonesia’s post-authoritarian, representative democracy. The legislative process of the 2017 Election Act was the case study employed to examine this assumption. The underlying thinking was that there was a contest between “wealth power” (oligarchy) and “participation power” (democracy). The power of wealth controls the party and government institutions. Notwithstanding the presence of participation power, there was, however, no balance between wealth power and participation power, because the formal control of politics was in the hands of party oligarchs. This study is purposed to bridge the gap in knowledge by exploring how the party oligarchs maintain the policymaking, reputedly using cartelized strategies, to defend the status quo. By employing the oligarchy and cartelization concepts, the central question of this inquiry focused on how the party oligarchs mastered the policy process in post-Suharto Indonesia. Qualitative findings indicated that the party oligarchs engineered the legal process in parliament applying cartelized strategies to defend privileges they obtained from collusive interpenetrations with the state. Understanding the “oligarchic cartelization” theoretical postulate is a fundamental step for party members to improve their performance in public offices. The results of this study can also be a useful reference for pro-democracy activists to defend the ontological essence of public participation in implementing representative democracy at an appropriate level. 

About the Author

Boni Hargens is a political analyst currently living in Indonesia. He is familiar in his country since he has been for years attending talk shows on television and writing columns on mainstream newspapers in his country. His concern is on the oligarchy and cartel party theories. He attended many lectures at Humboldt University in Germany for many years before completing his doctoral degree at Walden University in the United States.

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SKU: 1064417696

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Teresa A.
Belleville, US
★★★★★ 5
Great fit
Size: Medium, Color: Calypso Blue
Love these jeans, so loose and comfy and cute! I’m 130 lbs 5’2, I ordered a medium.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 26, 2026
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Amazon Customer
Omaha, US
★★★★★ 5
Soft and stretchy and a close FP dupe.
These are super cute and look just like the picture. The material is stretchy and comfortable. The zipper is really smooth. They run a little big but look cute. Pretty close to the FP but not exact. Great jeans if you want the look but don't want to spend the FP price.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 8, 2026
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Michele
Port Orchard, US
★★★★★ 5
Super cute
Size: Medium, Color: Calypso Blue
Even cuter in person. Great fit! Love these.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 26, 2026
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Kristi Faul
Port Orchard, US
★★★★★ 1
Nope. Returned.
Size: Medium, Color: Calypso Blue
These were returned because they were all wrong. Too short, too loose in the but but not loose enough to look like barrel jeans. Worst of all the color was not what was pictured. The wash and accent bleaching was so ugly. Also, they were too stretchy. I tried them on and walk around the house to see what I thought and they got too big after about 5 minutes.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 21, 2026
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Camille
Lexington, US
★★★★★ 4
Good quality
Size: X-Large, Color: Truest Blue
These are nice trendy jeans but they weren’t as baggy as I anticipated. But I kept them anyways because they are a good quality Jean. You may want to size up for a baggier look.
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Reviewed in the United States on August 9, 2025

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