SKU: 22663287598

Hard carbon paper

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Description

Hard carbon paperProduct Name Name: Hard carbon paper Product Overview Hard carbon refers to carbon that is difficult to graphitize, usually obtained by thermal decomposition of cross linked resins with special structures at around 1000 C Common hard carbons include resin carbon, organic polymer pyrolytic carbon, and carbon black. Hard carbon is also a highly regarded negative electrode material in sodium ion batteries. The negative electrode material of sodium ion

Product Name

Name:Hard carbon paper


Product Overview

 

Hard carbon refers to carbon that is difficult to graphitize, usually obtained by thermal decomposition of cross-linked resins with special structures at around 1000 ¡ãC Common hard carbons include resin carbon, organic polymer pyrolytic carbon, and carbon black. Hard carbon is also a highly regarded negative electrode material in sodium ion batteries. The negative electrode material of sodium ion batteries, as the main body of sodium storage in batteries, plays a decisive role in the development of batteries. Compared with other negative electrode materials for sodium ion batteries, hard carbon has the characteristics of disordered internal crystal arrangement and large interlayer spacing, which enables the hard carbon negative electrode to store more charges at the same volume, improving the energy density and endurance of sodium ion batteries. Meanwhile, due to the larger pore structure of hard carbon, it can accommodate more sodium ions, resulting in more uniform expansion and contraction of the electrode during discharge, which increases its cycling stability, charge discharge performance, and prolongs the cycling life of sodium ion batteries. At present, sodium ion batteries have become a hot topic in research and industrialization both domestically and internationally. With the deepening of related research and the development of technology, the market size of hard carbon negative electrode materials is expected to continue to grow. However, there is still no unified understanding of the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon, and further research is needed to reveal its structure-activity relationship with electrochemical reaction mechanisms, as well as to explore the influence of physical parameters of hard carbon materials on electrochemical performance.


Technical Parameter

 

Appearance:Black fibrous

Length:100-200μm(SEM)

Diameter:5-20μm(SEM)


Product Features

 

Difficult to graphitize: Even at high temperatures above 2500 ¡ãC it is difficult to graphitize.

Short range carbon layer stacking and long-range disordered structure: During the pyrolysis process, the carbon layer tends to grow in a planar direction, but the cross-linking structure in macromolecules hinders its planar growth. Therefore, the carbon layer in hard carbon cannot infinitely extend and grow into a graphite like layered structure, and can only exhibit a carbon layer stacking structure in the short range, while it remains disordered in the long range. Its structure is mainly composed of amorphous parts, with some carbon layers randomly stacked, resulting in defects and pores, while the other part of the carbon layer has a graphite microcrystalline structure, which has no orientation and is cross-linked with each other.

Large interlayer spacing and more micropores: Compared to graphite, hard carbon has a larger interlayer spacing and more micropores, which allows ions to be quickly inserted and removed. Correspondingly, there are more lithium storage active sites for ion insertion and removal, resulting in a larger specific capacity.

Excellent rate performance: Theoretically, hard carbon materials have good rate performance and can achieve high rate charging and discharging.

Long cycle life: The hard carbon structure is stable and has a long charge discharge cycle life.


Application Fields

 

New energy vehicles: Although there is still room for improvement in energy density and cycle life of sodium ion batteries, their performance indicators such as low temperature, safety, and fast charging are good, and they can be used in some new energy vehicles that do not require extreme endurance;

Large scale energy storage: With the rapid expansion of renewable energy generation such as solar and wind power, the demand for energy storage is also increasing. Sodium ion batteries have certain application prospects in the field of energy storage, and hard carbon as its negative electrode material can help improve the performance of energy storage batteries;

Consumer electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc., can meet the requirements of these devices for fast battery charging, safety, and other aspects;

Smart grid: In the smart grid, sodium ion batteries can be used in energy storage systems to help balance supply and demand, improve the stability and reliability of the grid;

Low speed transportation vehicles, such as electric bicycles, electric tricycles, etc., have relatively low requirements for battery weight and volume. Sodium ion batteries can be applied due to their cost advantage.


Related Information

Please e-mail for the detailed characterization data.

E-mail:[email protected]

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SKU: 22663287598

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MelsABookworm
Chelsea, US
★★★★★ 4
“My heart bows to you and you only, Huntress.”
Format: Kindle
3.5 🌟 This book popped up in my KU recommended reading suggestions and the synopsis sounded like what I was in the mood for. I'm so glad I took a chance on it. I went into this knowing absolutely nothing about it and ended up really liking it. I love when this happens. The main characters are likeable and I easily found myself rooting for them. There is a mystery element to each of their backstories that I enjoyed watching unfold and can't wait to get more of. Wolf, in particular, has me fixated. Love him. I found this to be an entertaining, addictive read with a plot that moves along at a good pace. It reads so easily I found myself very reluctant to put it down. Lots of twists and turns and the angst is there. A good set up for the next book to come, for sure. My issues with this book....the dialogue feels a bit juvenile at times and there is a repetitive over use of a particular word phrasing that I found myself giving the ole eye-roll to. There are, without a doubt, some pretty cliche moments that gave me a bit of the cringe. I think this could've certainly 100% benefited from more depth regarding the world building. Perhaps the world building was sacrificed to keep the pacing quick? Just a guess. Also, the lack of consistency of character for the FMC was really evident and so she feels quite illogical at times. Overall, this was a fun and enjoyable read that hit the spot well enough for me. That ending certainly has me impatiently pining for book 2!
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Reviewed in the United States on June 18, 2024
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Amazon Customer
San Leandro, US
★★★★★ 3
Interesting take on the genre
Format: Kindle
True rating: 3.25 ⭐️ I enjoyed the fresh take on the genre. The best way I could describe the setting and world is an apocalyptic dystopian version of Farie where vampires, fae, and angles struggle to survive in what is left of the world. It was definitely interesting throwing the academy/hunger games aspect into this world as well. Even though I guessed the final reveal early on in the book, I kept hoping I was wrong, and it would take a surprising turn. While the "plot twists" were a bit predictable to me, I still enjoyed the ride this book took me on. Another downfall for me was the plot holes in the world building... I.E. if society has fallen and the world is in the aftermath of war, how are there trains running around the world? Just to take young adults to the trials to get into the golden city? How is the train maintained, the tracks clear, etc? However, I did enjoy the FMC & MMC and thought they were fleshed out nicely. I also enjoyed the side characters but wish some were developed more like Ashalin (sp?). I do find myself rooting for the MCs to succeed and find happiness together, which is obviously an important aspect for romantasy. Overall, was this an earth-shattering, mind-bending, terrific piece of literature? No. But was it the worst thing I've read this year? Also, no. This book has, to me, the bones of a great read & just needs a bit more to push it from an alright book to a great book. Overall ratings: Plot- 3.5⭐️ World building 3⭐️ Spice 2.5 🌶🌶 Main characters 4 ⭐️ Supporting characters 3.5⭐️
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Reviewed in the United States on May 12, 2024
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Irene zamora
Battle Creek, US
★★★★★ 5
great book
Format: Kindle
I am really excited to meet the author at the book retreat this month. I really enjoyed this world that she built and most of the female main character Huntress is so awesome. She goes through a lot in this book and the ending; wow! I wouldn't have even guessed. I highly recommend everyone to read this book. I have been so lucky this year that almost all the books I have read have been, so far, 5 out 5 stars.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 2, 2026
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Anastasia Goygova
Lowell, US
★★★★★ 4
Fallen for the Fallen Angel – A Guilty Pleasure Worth Every Page
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There’s something deeply irresistible about a dark academia or trial-based setting, a brooding and arrogant fallen angel, and a fierce heroine with enough sass to go toe-to-toe with him. Wings So Wicked is exactly that kind of book—and I devoured it in just a couple of days. To be fair, the plot isn’t groundbreaking. If you’re looking for something fresh and innovative in terms of storyline, this might not be it. But if your reader heart beats faster at the mere mention of enemies-to-lovers, jealousy-fueled banter, magical trials, betrayals, and forbidden tension—you’ll feel right at home. It’s like catnip for those of us with this particular weakness. The chemistry between the leads could have used a slightly slower burn to make the tension sizzle longer, but I still found myself completely invested in their dynamic. There are moments and phrases that feel a bit cheesy or underdeveloped, but honestly? I didn’t care. The vibes were exactly what I wanted. This book isn’t trying to reinvent the genre—it’s here to give readers like me what we crave: high-stakes magical drama, angsty romance, and the thrill of watching a badass girl and her brooding counterpart clash and spark. If that sounds like your kind of story, Wings So Wicked will hit the mark. Here’s hoping Book 2 turns up the heat and keeps the magic alive.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 20, 2025
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Madi lohr
Omaha, US
★★★★★ 5
my new favorite book
Format: Kindle
Ok so I never write reviews but this book was so good I felt the need to write this. Firstly your introduced to Huntyr you see her closed off hard core badass than towards the end you see the most subtle change and growth it’s amazing and the enemies to friends to lovers was just perfect, AND THE TWIST AT THE END GOT ME GOOD! You see one spicy scene the whole book but it doesn’t even MATTER BECAUSE THE BOOK WAS THAT GOOD. I’ve read 85 books in 2023-2024 so far and I’m pround to say this is my all time favorite. I’m so excited to read more of Emily Blackwoods books, this was my first time reading one of hers and I’m glad I did because HOLY!! Well done Emily well done
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Reviewed in the United States on February 23, 2024

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