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Description
1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before ColumbusA groundbreaking study that radically alters our understanding of the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans in 1492. Traditionally, Americans learned in school that the ancestors of the people who inhabited the Western Hemisphere at the time of Columbus's landing had crossed the Bering Strait twelve thousand years ago; existed mainly in small, nomadic bands; and lived so lightly on the land that the Americas was, for all practical purposes,
A groundbreaking study that radically alters our understanding of the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans in 1492. Traditionally, Americans learned in school that the ancestors of the people who inhabited the Western Hemisphere at the time of Columbus's landing had crossed the Bering Strait twelve thousand years ago; existed mainly in small, nomadic bands; and lived so lightly on the land that the Americas was, for all practical purposes, still a vast wilderness. But as Charles C. Mann now makes clear, archaeologists and anthropologists have spent the last thirty years proving these and many other long-held assumptions wrong. In a book that startles and persuades, Mann reveals how a new generation of researchers equipped with novel scientific techniques came to previously unheard-of conclusions. Among them: - In 1491 there were probably more people living in the Americas than in Europe.- Certain cities-such as Tenochtitl n, the Aztec capital-were far greater in population than any contemporary European city. Furthermore, Tenochtitl n, unlike any capital in Europe at that time, had running water, beautiful botanical gardens, and immaculately clean streets.
- The earliest cities in the Western Hemisphere were thriving before the Egyptians built the great pyramids.
- Pre-Columbian Indians in Mexico developed corn by a breeding process so sophisticated that the journal Science recently described it as "man's first, and perhaps the greatest, feat of genetic engineering."
- Amazonian Indians learned how to farm the rain forest without destroying it-a process scientists are studying today in the hope of regaining this lost knowledge.
- Native Americans transformed their land so completely that Europeans arrived in a hemisphere already massively "landscaped" by human beings. Mann sheds clarifying light on the methods used to arrive at these new visions of the pre-Columbian Americas and how they have affected our understanding of our history and our thinking about the environment. His book is an exciting and learned account of scientific inquiry and revelation.
Binding Type: Hardcover
Publisher: Knopf Publishing Group
Published: 08/09/2005
ISBN: 9781400040063
Pages: 480
Weight: 1.85lbs
Size: 9.50h x 6.60w x 1.60d
Review Citations: Library Journal Prepub Alert 04/01/2005 pg. 72
Kirkus Reviews 06/01/2005 pg. 625
Publishers Weekly 06/20/2005 pg. 69
Ingram Advance 08/01/2005 pg. 61
Booklist 08/01/2005 pg. 1986
Library Journal 08/01/2005 pg. 96
New York Times 10/09/2005 pg. 21
New York Review of Books 12/01/2005 pg. 43
Library Journal 08/15/2005
Time 12/26/2005 pg. 177
Booklist Editors Choice/Adult 01/01/2006 pg. 8
Science Books & Films 01/01/2006 pg. 23
Multicultural Review 06/01/2006 pg. 81
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4.3 ★★★★★
Based on 11 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Crazy for her iguana!
Size: Medium/Large, Color: Illana the Iguana - Large, Size: Medium/Large, Color: Illana the Iguana - Large
Instant fav for my girl but looks like I'll be replacing often 🤪 she is a super chewer. She loves the soft vs hard combo on toys. Damage in the pic is within 10 mins. 😬😬😬 excellent quality
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Reviewed in the United States on May 27, 2026
★★★★★ 3
Foreign body risk for dinosaur dogs
Size: Medium/Large, Color: Dog Ness Monster - Large, Size: Medium/Large, Color: Dog Ness Monster - Large
My dog Bert had foreign body surgery 10 days ago because he swallowed a piece of a toy, so I was looking for something stronger, like for a tyrannosaurus rex. This toy had good reviews, so I bought it for him.
In 25 minutes and he'd chomped a chunk of the blue water part off. Bought the toy around 8am, gave it to him around 8pm, and it was in the trash by 8:30pm.
This toy is definitely NOT for super chewer tyrannosaurus rex dogs like Bert. But definitely IS a toy that is pretty sturdy and strong for dogs who don't have the bite force of a dinosaur.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 12, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Definitely not indestructable
Size: Medium/Large, Color: Dog Ness Monster - Large, Size: Medium/Large, Color: Dog Ness Monster - Large
I have a 1-year-old toy fox terrier (Rocky, pictured). He has been chewing on this toy for seven months now; it is one of his favorites. He has been unable to seriously damage the "ocean" portion of this toy, but as you can see from the provided image, the sea serpent has not faired that well. It is missing its snout and smaller portions of the humps. My guess is that the advertiser images showing much larger dogs with "like new" versions of the toy are just that...NEW AND UNCHEWED.
I have not had to clean up bits of this toy from my floor, so I assume Rocky has been swallowing them. My hope is that the yellow material of the serpent is not chemically dangerous when exposed to digestive fluids.
Rocky easily destroys plush toys in a matter of days if not hours and, consumed pieces of a small microfiber blanket that he liked to toss around and play tug-of-war with (past tense as he destroyed it and has since been trashed after I began finding feces-stained undigested pieces of it lying around). Since this toy has survived seven months and has remained recognizable, I have to agree it is durable.
Just beware, if my small toy fox terrier can damage the toy as pictured, expect your large breed chewer to do similar or worse damage. Also, the toy is very heavy! When Rocky drops it down a flight of stairs, it makes a MAJOR thud at the bottom, and sometimes makes me wonder if it might crack the large tile at the bottom.
I cautiously recommend the product.
Note the yellow frisbee in Rocky's picture. It is only a few months old and surprisingly has not suffered any chew damage despite substantial abuse. It appears to bend in the wind like a proverbial reed, evading damage by yielding to pressure.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 5, 2024
★★★★★ 5
Tough and indestructible chew as well as cute and fun
Color: Red, Color: Red
Very sturdy and cute chew toy
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Reviewed in the United States on September 1, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Sturdy great two toy easy for her to carry around
Color: Red
This is the absolutely perfect toy for my mini goldendoodle. She loves it. She’s so smart. I tell her to go get her Rose and she goes and gets it so adorable.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 25, 2025
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