SKU: 34443422250

Free Blacks on the Winchester City, Virginia Personal Property Tax Lists, 1789-1862

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Free Blacks on the Winchester City, Virginia Personal Property Tax Lists, 1789-1862The author has abstracted the information for free African Americans in Winchester City, Virginia and has arranged them into seven categories: Year; last name; first name; age; occupation [only given infrequently on the rolls]; property description & value; memo [oftentimes describing the exact location of the taxpayer or his former owners if freed in recent decades]. This volume is provided in three separate arrangements to facilitate genealogical

The author has abstracted the information for free African-Americans in Winchester City, Virginia and has arranged them into seven categories:
Year;
last name;
first name;
age;
occupation [only given infrequently on the rolls];
property description & value;
memo [oftentimes describing the exact location of the taxpayer or his former owners if freed in recent decades].

This volume is provided in three separate arrangements to facilitate genealogical research by African-American families; 1) chronologically by year; 2) sorted by last name of the individual; and 3) sorted by first name.

A similar volume is available for Frederick County, which was taxed separately from the city of Winchester

Information recorded in Virginia personal property tax records provide a wealth of information regarding the social status of an individual. The early laws required the tax commissioner in each district to record in "a fair alphabetical list" the names of the person chargeable with the tax, the names of white male tithables over the age of twenty-one, the number of white male tithables between ages sixteen and twenty-one, the number of slaves both above and below age sixteen, various types of animals such as horses and cattle, carriage wheels, ordinary licenses, and even billiard tables. Free Negroes are listed by name and often denoted in the list as "free" or "FN." By the 1850s, the personal property tax records contained detailed descriptions of personal property owned.

The most frequent use of personal property tax records is for the direct information recorded: name of the property owner, type and quantity of property owned, and amount of tax paid. Comparative analysis of personal property tax records from year to year may lead to conclusions about social, economic, and agricultural history, as well as the status of certain individuals or groups of property owners within a locality.

For genealogical researchers, personal property tax records may provide important data. Individuals with the same names in a locality may be distinguished by a junior or senior, or residence (often listed by street). Parentage may be expressly or implicitly stated by either the name or number of male tithables between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one in the household of the taxpayer. The names of women appear occasionally when owning property in their own right or as the widow of a property owner. By studying the lists from year to year, researchers may trace an ancestor to determine the date of departure from a locality, or possibly the year of death. The name of a taxpayer will continue on the tax list, noted as "deceased" or "estate," until the estate is settled.

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SKU: 34443422250

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Pam’s Product Picks
Fort Morgan, US
★★★★★ 4
Durable bone that you can add a spreadable treat to
Color: Blue
Our German Shepherd was 4 months old when we purchased this. She’s going to be 6 months soon. She has been teething really bad. We wanted some way to sooth her pain. This product was just what we needed. We put it in the freezer with some peanut butter in the center on both sides. Once frozen we give to our puppy. She loves it. When we open the freezer she recognizes the ziplock package that it was delivered in which we store it in our freezer. She jumps around until we give it to her. She loves it and it keeps her occupied for a while. It is very durable. I did not notice any smell when we received it. It does not make any noise. The plastic material is safe for animals. To clean I put in the dishwasher. The only reason I did not give it 5 stars is because sometimes the peanut butter gets stuck in it and may need to go through the dishwasher twice which is not a big deal. Or you can hand wash it. I found the dishwasher was best for us. You do not even have to put anything on it, but our pup likes it. I would recommend to others.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 15, 2025
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Kindle Customer
Louisville, US
★★★★★ 5
Durable construction, including squeakers!
Style: Snake
This is the absolute best toy I've found. My dog is a 40 lb staffie who loves to play tug and chew. I'm used to toys lasting one day to one week and this one lasted about four months of almost constant daily play. The squeakers finally collapsed, so I'm buying my second one. I wish they would embroider the name of their brand on the toy because I forgot what the brand name was and it was hard to find again. Thankfully, I combed through my purchase records and finally found it. This brand definitely is my go-to for durable toys from now on!
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Reviewed in the United States on January 28, 2026
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Elizabeth Schwartz
Battle Creek, US
★★★★★ 5
Very nice, LOUD toy
Style: Crocodile
My parents' dog had the shark version of this toy already, and I looked to see if there were any other versions of the same toy. I found this crocodile. This thing is hysterical when he plays with it. I think each squeaker makes a slightly different sound, so you can hear him switch from 1 part to another. This is not for you if you like quiet. It is very loud but our dog doesn't like toys that don't squeak. The shark has held up for along time, and the crocodile is doing well so far. He's pretty rough on his toys, but he hasn't torn these or broken the squeakers. The fabric is soft, and it's well sewn. There's no stuffing in the body or limbs, so small holes don't really matter. It's big enough for larger dogs (ours is 45lb). The price was very good for a large toy that's high quality.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 10, 2025
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donna schuyler
Charlottesville, US
★★★★★ 5
Good quality
Style: Crocodile
My dog loves it
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Reviewed in the United States on May 12, 2026
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Book Lover
Omaha, US
★★★★★ 4
It's holding up better than I thought it would
Style: Snake
*EDIT* I originally gave this toy a 1 star rating. I changed that to a 4. Even though my dog immediately put holes in it, it's still holding up. She absolutely loves her Snakey, and takes it to bed with her. She hasn't even chewed the eyes off, like she would normally do. There's even still a piece of the tongue left lol! I gave this to my dog tonight. She's already torn a hole in the tail. I just found a hole next to a squeaker, and she's almost chewed the tongue off. This toy is not durable at all. I do not recommend this for any dog that likes to chew.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 19, 2024

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