EASTERN ROMAN Theodosius I,AD 379-395 AE4 NUMMUS /Christian VICTORY ANGEL NGC(8)

EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE



CERTIFIED BY NGC



Theodosius I , AD 379-395



Bronze AE4 Nummus



Obverse: Pearl diademed draped

cuirassed bust right

Reverse: SALVS REIPVBLICAE / Staurogram/SMKS,
Victory advancing left, holding trophy and dragging captive.



Flavius Theodosius ( 11 January 347 – 17

January 395), also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great was Roman

Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the

empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern and Western Roman

Empire . After his death, the two parts split permanently. He is also known for

making Nicene Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire.

Staurogram




The Staurogram (meaning monogram of the cross, from the Greek σταυρός, i.e.
cross), or Monogrammatic Cross or Tau-Rho symbol, is composed by a tau (Τ)
superimposed on a rho (Ρ). The Staurogram was first used to abbreviate the Greek
word for cross in very early New Testament manuscripts such as P66, P45 and P75,
almost like a nomen sacrum, and may visually have represented Jesus on the
cross.



Ephrem the Syrian in the 4th-century explained these two united letters stating
that the tau refers to the cross, and the rho refers to the Greek word "help"
which has the numerological value in Greek of 100 as the letter rho has. In such
a way the symbol expresses the idea that the Cross saves. The two letters tau
and rho can also be found separately as symbols on early Christian ossuaries.



The tau was considered a symbol of salvation due to the identification of the
tau with the sign which in Ezekiel 9:4 was marked on the forehead of the saved
ones, or due to the tau-shaped outstretched hands of Moses in Exodus 17:11. The
rho by itself can refer to Christ as Messiah because Abraham, taken as symbol of
the Messiah, generated Isaac according to a promise made by God when he was one
hundred years old, and 100 is the value of rho.:158



The Monogrammatic Cross was later seen also as a variation of the Chi Rho
symbol, and it spread over Western Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries.In
ancient Roman religion, Victoria or Victory was the personified goddess of
victory. She is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, and was
associated with Bellona. She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess
Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill. The goddess Vica Pota was also
sometimes identified with Victoria.



Unlike the Greek Nike, the goddess Victoria (Latin for "victory") was a major
part of Roman society. Multiple temples were erected in her honor. When her
statue was removed in 382 CE by Emperor Gratianus there was much anger in Rome.
She was normally worshiped by triumphant generals returning from war.



Also unlike the Greek Nike, who was known for success in athletic games such as
chariot races, Victoria was a symbol of victory over death and determined who
would be successful during war.



Victoria appears widely on Roman coins, jewelry, architecture, and other arts.
She is often seen with or in a chariot, as in the late 18th-century sculpture
representing Victory in a quadriga on the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany;
"Il Vittoriano" in Rome has two.

Flavius Theodosius ( 11 January 347 – 17)

January 395), also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great was Roman

Emperor from 379 to 395. Reuniting the eastern and western portions of the

empire, Theodosius was the last emperor of both the Eastern and Western Roman

Empire . After his death, the two parts split permanently. He is also known for

making Nicene Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire.

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